Expression language

All functions

The complete catalog of expression functions, grouped by picker category, with links to each function's reference.

This catalog lists every function and operator in the expression picker, grouped by the picker category you find it in. The first column is the card label you pick; the second shows how the function appears in the formula bar.

For values rather than functions (inputs, data from earlier steps and constants), see Values and constants.

Text Functions

Function	Formula bar	Returns	What it does
Concatenate	`Concatenate(a, b, …)`	Text	Joins values into one text
Format	`Format(template, …)`	Text	Fills numbered placeholders in a template
Join	`Join(list, separator)`	Text	Joins list items with a separator, skipping empty items
Split	`Split(text, separator)`	List of Text	Splits text into a list
Pad Left	`PadLeft(text, length, char)`	Text	Pads the start of a text to a length
Pad Right	`PadRight(text, length, char)`	Text	Pads the end of a text to a length
String Length	`Length(text)`	Whole Number	Counts characters
Index Of	`Index Of(text, search)`	Whole Number	Position of the first occurrence (0-based, case-sensitive)
Last Index Of	`Last Index Of(text, search)`	Whole Number	Position of the last occurrence
Match Pattern	`ValidateText(text, pattern)`	Yes/No	Checks text against a regular expression
Substring	`Substring(text, start, length)`	Text	Part of a text from a position
Left	`Left(text, count)`	Text	First characters of a text
Right	`Right(text, count)`	Text	Last characters of a text
Trim	`Trim(text)`	Text	Removes leading and trailing spaces
To Upper Case	`Uppercase(text)`	Text	Converts to capitals
To Lower Case	`Lowercase(text)`	Text	Converts to small letters
Replace	`Replace(text, old, new)`	Text	Replaces every occurrence (case-sensitive)
Remove HTML	`StripHtml(text)`	Text	Turns rich text into plain text
Extract with Pattern	`RegexExtract(text, pattern, group)`	Text	First match of a regular expression
Extract All with Pattern	`RegexExtractAll(text, pattern, group)`	List of Text	Every match of a regular expression
Replace with Pattern	`RegexReplace(text, pattern, replacement)`	Text	Replaces matches of a regular expression
To String	`toString(value, format)`	Text	Formats a date, number or ID as text
Base64 Encode	`Base64Encode(text)`	Text	Encodes text as Base64
Base64 Decode	`Base64Decode(text)`	Text	Decodes Base64 text
URL Encode	`UrlEncode(text)`	Text	Escapes text for a web address
URL Decode	`UrlDecode(text)`	Text	Reverses URL escaping
HTML Encode	`HtmlEncode(text)`	Text	Makes text safe inside HTML
HTML Decode	`HtmlDecode(text)`	Text	Turns HTML entities back into characters
Option Label	`OptionLabel(value, language)`	Text or List of Text	Display label of a choice or Yes/No value
Organization URL	`OrganizationUrl()`	Text	Web address of your organization
Record Link	`RecordUrl(record, appId)`	Text	Link that opens a record’s form

Math Functions

Function	Formula bar	Returns	What it does
Add	`a + b`	Widest number type	Adds numbers
Subtract	`a - b`	Widest number type	Subtracts numbers, left to right
Multiply	`a * b`	Widest number type	Multiplies numbers
Divide	`a / b`	Widest number type	Divides numbers; whole numbers drop the fraction
Modulo	`a % b`	Widest number type	Remainder of a division
Raise to Power	`a ^ b`	Widest number type	Raises a number to a power
Max Value	`Max(a, b, …)`	Widest number type	Largest of the values
Min Value	`Min(a, b, …)`	Widest number type	Smallest of the values
Random	`Random(min, max)`	Whole Number	Random number from min up to, but not including, max
Round	`Round(value, digits)`	Same as value	Rounds, halves away from zero
Round Up	`RoundUp(value, digits)`	Same as value	Rounds away from zero
Round Down	`RoundDown(value, digits)`	Same as value	Rounds toward zero
Floor	`Floor(value)`	Same as value	Rounds down to a whole number
Ceiling	`Ceiling(value)`	Same as value	Rounds up to a whole number
Truncate	`Truncate(value)`	Same as value	Drops the fraction
Absolute Value	`Abs(value)`	Same as value	Removes the sign
Convert Currency	`ConvertCurrency(amount, from, to)`	Currency	Converts between currencies using Dataverse exchange rates

Conversion Functions

Function	Formula bar	Returns	What it does
To Whole Number	`ToInteger(value, default)`	Whole Number	Converts text or a number, dropping the fraction
To Decimal	`ToDecimal(value, default)`	Decimal Number	Converts text or a number
To True/False	`ToBoolean(value, default)`	Yes/No	Converts text or a number to Yes/No
Is Number	`IsNumeric(text)`	Yes/No	Checks whether text is a valid number

Date Functions

Function	Formula bar	Returns	What it does
Now	`Now`	Date and Time	Current date and time in UTC
Day	`Day(date)`	Whole Number	Day of the month
Month	`Month(date)`	Whole Number	Month, 1 to 12
Year	`Year(date)`	Whole Number	Year
Day Of Week	`Day Of Week(date)`	Whole Number	0 = Sunday to 6 = Saturday
Add Days	`Add Days(date, days)`	Date and Time	Adds days
Add Hours	`Add Hours(date, hours)`	Date and Time	Adds hours
Add Minutes	`Add Minutes(date, minutes)`	Date and Time	Adds minutes
Add Seconds	`Add Seconds(date, seconds)`	Date and Time	Adds seconds
Add Month	`Add Months(date, months)`	Date and Time	Adds months
Add Years	`Add Years(date, years)`	Date and Time	Adds years
Days Diff	`Days(start, target)`	Whole Number	Days between two dates; part days count as full days
Hours Diff	`Hours(start, target)`	Floating Point Number	Hours between two dates, to one decimal
Minutes Diff	`Minutes(start, target)`	Whole Number	Minutes between two dates
Months Diff	`Months(start, target)`	Whole Number	Completed months between two dates
Years Diff	`Years(start, target)`	Whole Number	Completed years between two dates
Start Of Day	`Start Of Day(date)`	Date and Time	Midnight of the date
Start Of Hour	`Start Of Hour(date)`	Date and Time	Start of the hour
Start Of Month	`Start Of Month(date)`	Date and Time	First day of the month
Ticks	`Ticks(date)`	Decimal Number	A number that grows with time, for ordering
Parse DateTime	`Parse DateTime(text, format)`	Date and Time	Reads text as a date
Convert From Utc	`From Utc(date, timeZone)`	Date and Time	UTC to a time zone’s local time
Convert To Utc	`To Utc(date, timeZone)`	Date and Time	A time zone’s local time to UTC
Convert Time Zone	`To Time Zone(date, timeZone)`	Date and Time	Converts into a time zone
Add Business Days	`AddBusinessDays(date, days, workWeek)`	Date and Time	Adds working days, skipping weekends and closures
Is Business Day	`IsBusinessDay(date, workWeek)`	Yes/No	Checks for a working day
Business Days Between	`BusinessDaysDif(start, end, workWeek)`	Whole Number	Counts working days between two dates

Collection Utilities

Function	Formula bar	Returns	What it does
Collection Count	`Count(list)`	Whole Number	Number of items
Collection Sum	`Sum(list)`	List’s number type	Total of a list of numbers
Collection Average	`Average(list)`	Number	Average of a list of numbers
Collection Minimum	`Min(list)`	List’s number type	Smallest number in a list
Collection Maximum	`Max(list)`	List’s number type	Largest number in a list
Projection	`Projection(list, selector, name)`	List	Calculates a value for each item
Filter	`Filter(list, condition, name)`	List	Keeps items that meet a condition
First Item	`First(list)`	One item	First item of a list
Last Item	`Last(list)`	One item	Last item of a list
Item at Position	`Item(list, position)`	One item	Item at a position (1 = first, -1 = last)
First Items	`Take(list, count)`	List	The first items of a list
Skip Items	`Skip(list, count)`	List	The list without its first items
Reverse List	`Reverse(list)`	List	The list in reverse order
Sort	`Sort(list, descending)`	List	Sorts numbers, dates or text
Sort By	`SortBy(list, name, key, descending)`	List	Sorts items by a value of each item
Remove Duplicates	`Distinct(list)`	List	Removes repeated items
Add Items	`Union(list, items)`	List	Adds items without duplicates
Remove Items	`Except(list, items)`	List	Removes items

Choice Functions

Function	Formula bar	Returns	What it does
First Non-Empty	`Coalesce(a, b, …)`	Type of the values	First value that is not empty
Is One Of	`value in (a, b, …)`	Yes/No	Value equals one of the candidates
Is Between	`IsBetween(value, from, to)`	Yes/No	Value is within a range, ends included
Switch	`Switch(value; when => then; else …)`	Type of the results	Result of the first matching case

Control and logical operators

Function	Category	Formula bar	Returns	What it does
If Condition	Control	`If(condition, then, else)`	Type of the values	One of two values
And	Boolean Logical Operators	`And(a, b, …)`	Yes/No	Every condition is Yes
Or	Boolean Logical Operators	`Or(a, b, …)`	Yes/No	At least one condition is Yes
User Has Security Role	Boolean Logical Operators	`UserHasRole(user, role, includeTeamRoles)`	Yes/No	User has a security role
User Is in Team	Boolean Logical Operators	`UserInTeam(user, team)`	Yes/No	User is a member of a team

Binary Logical Functions (comparisons)

Function	Formula bar	Returns	What it does
Is Equal To	`a = b`	Yes/No	Values are equal (text case-sensitive)
Is Not Equal To	`a ≠ b`	Yes/No	Values are different
Is Greater Than	`a > b`	Yes/No	Number or date is greater
Is Greater Than Or Equal To	`a ≥ b`	Yes/No	Number or date is greater or equal
Is Less Than	`a < b`	Yes/No	Number or date is less
Is Less Than Or Equal To	`a ≤ b`	Yes/No	Number or date is less or equal
Contains	`a contains b`	Yes/No	Text contains text (ignores case)
Does Not Contain	`a does not contain b`	Yes/No	Text does not contain text
Starts With	`a starts with b`	Yes/No	Text starts with text (ignores case)
Does Not Start With	`a does not start with b`	Yes/No	Text does not start with text
Ends With	`a ends with b`	Yes/No	Text ends with text (ignores case)
Does Not End With	`a does not end with b`	Yes/No	Text does not end with text
Contains Item	`list includes item`	Yes/No	List holds the item
Does Not Contain Item	`list does not include item`	Yes/No	List does not hold the item

Unary Logical Functions (checks)

Function	Reads as	Returns	What it does
Null	is empty	Yes/No	Value is empty
Not Null	is not empty	Yes/No	Value is not empty
Null Or Empty String	is empty	Yes/No	Text is empty or `""`
Not Null Or Empty String	is not empty	Yes/No	Text has at least one character
Is True	is Yes	Yes/No	Value is Yes
Is False	is No	Yes/No	Value is No or empty
Any		Yes/No	List has at least one item

Decision-table cells offer the same comparisons and checks in the Functions category, applied to the cell’s column: = "Business", > 1000, is not empty. See Checks in decision-table cells.

Logic Block, Value and Localized Value

Function	Category	Returns	What it does
Run Logic Block	Logic Block	The chosen output’s type	Runs a logic block and returns one of its outputs
Configuration Value	Value	The type the slot needs	Value of a project configuration
Localized Resource	Localized Value	Text	Text in the user’s language, or a chosen language
Regarding	Offered for multi-table lookups	Lookup	Picks the table, then the row, for a lookup such as a task’s Regarding or a case’s Customer